Mulatos de Esmeraldas

The Mulatto GentlemAn of Esmeraldas Los tres mulatos de Esmeraldas (1599) Portrait of Don Francisco de Arobe and Sons Pedro and Domingo from the Esmeraldas coast in Ecuador. The son of an escaped African slave and a native woman, Francisco submitted to the authority...

Charter of 1518

Opening the transatlantic slave trade Royal Charter of 1518 Two years after his accession to the throne, in 1518, Emperor Charles V began to grant private licenses to merchants for the importation of African slaves to the Indies. This charter marked the opening of the...
Romanus Pontifex

Romanus Pontifex

Unveiling the Papal BullRomanus Pontifex (1455)The Romanus Pontifex, a profound document issued by Pope Nicholas V in 1455, reverberates with the echoes of a tumultuous past. It epitomizes an era marked by power struggles, colonial aspirations, and clashes of...

Great News From Barbados

Barbados Barbados Slave Rebellion “Great Newes from the Barbadoes” (1676)  Introduction The pamphlet, or short book, published anonymously in London in 1676, describes an enslaved conspiracy on Barbados. In 1675, an enslaved woman, variously named Fortuna...