Butts v. Penny (1677)

reMaking Slavery in the courts Butts v. Penny(1677) A foundational English Common Law case that defined slavery in England and its empire in the Americas, and to create mechanisms to enforce ownership and recover debts related to slave sales.  It literally redefined...

Enquires to the Governor of Virginia (1671)

Virginia Enquiries to the Governor of Virginia (1671) Back in England, those appointed to supervise the colonies often wrote to governors to learn about the various colonies’ structure, affairs, etc. In 1670, these supervisors wrote to Virginia’s governor...

Barbados Slave Code

BARBADOS Barbados Slave Code(1661 – 1667) In 1661, Barbados became the first English colony to pass a comprehensive slave code.  Below is the best version of it we have.  The problem is that the only versions of it that survive date to 1667, when it had already...